Cabanga ngezwe elingenalo ikhono lokuxoxa ngevidiyo ngokushesha nozakwenu phesheya kolwandle noma usakaze imuvi ngencazelo ephezulu ngenkathi uhlezi ekhefi. Kunzima ukukuthwebula, akunjalo? Idivayisi eyenza lokhu kuguquguquka kwedijithali kwenzeke yi- ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu, noma pc. Kusukela emishinini emikhulu, engangegumbi yesikhathi esidlule kuya kumishini eshelelayo esiyisebenzisa namuhla, i pc iye yashintsha ngokuyisisekelo indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenza ngayo, nesidlala ngayo.

Lesi sihloko kufanele sifundwe ngoba sihlehlisa izendlalelo zobuchwepheshe esibusebenzisa nsuku zonke. Sizohlola umlando othakazelisayo we ibm pc, hlukana nokugxeka pc izingxenye njenge cpu futhi inqama, futhi uchaze ukuthi kanjani isistimu esebenzayo kuletha ukuphila konke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumnikazi webhizinisi ofuna ukuthuthukisa imikhumbi yehhovisi lakho noma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi lelo bhokisi lensimbi elisedeskini lakho lisebenza kanjani, lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho. ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu.

Yini Echaza Ngokuqondile Ikhompyutha Yakho?

Empeleni, a ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu iyikhompuyutha yenhloso evamile usayizi wayo, amakhono, kanye nentengo ekwenza kube usizo kubantu ngabanye. Ibinzana eliyisihluthulelo lapha lihloselwe umuntu oyedwa ngesikhathi. Ngaphambi kwe pc revolution, i imboni yamakhompyutha wawubuswa ngu mainframe computer. Lena kwakuyimishini emikhulu, ebizayo esetshenziswa izinkampani ezinkulu namanyuvesi, efinyelelwa abantu abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokusebenzisa amatheminali anamathiselwe.

A pc ejwayelekile liqukethe yehadiwe evumela umsebenzisi oyedwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene, kusukela ekucubunguleni amagama kanye ukushicilela kudeskithophu ku ukuphequlula i-inthanethi kanye nokudlala. Ngokungafani ne-a mainframe noma ikhompyutha enkulu, a pc yin a ikhompyutha encane yakhelwe ukusebenzisana. Inika umsebenzisi amandla okudala, adle, futhi aphathe idatha ngokuqondile.

Namuhla, incazelo inwetshiwe. Nakuba ngokwesiko sicabanga a i-desktop pc noma a i-laptop uma sizwa igama, amadivaysi afana amaphilisi kanye nama-smartphone nazo ngokobuchwepheshe amakhompyutha womuntu siqu. Nokho, ukuze kucace, lapho sikhuluma ama-pcs, ngokuvamile sibhekisela kuyo amakhompyutha edeskithophu futhi amakhompyutha aphathekayo egijima i os njenge I-Microsoft Windows, I-Linux, noma i-macOS.

I-IBM PC kanye nabanye Bawumise Kanjani Umlando?

Uhambo oluya kwesimanje pc yaqala ngawo-1970. Imishini yokuqala efana I-Altair 8800 (yakhiwe ngu I-MITS) kanye U-Commodore I-PET (I-Personal Electronic Transactor) zazihloselwe abathanda ukuzilibazisa. Kwakunzima ukuzisebenzisa futhi bengenakho a i-graphical interface yomsebenzisi. Kwabe sekufika i I-Apple II,i Ikhompyutha ye-Apple okulethe imidwebo enemibala nobungane emakethe, okubonisa lokho ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu kwakungowawo wonke umuntu.

Kodwa-ke, umshintshi wegeyimu wangempela wafika ngo-1981 ne I-IBM PC. IBM (I-International Business Machines) yayiyisikhondlakhondla kwezamabhizinisi. Lapho bekhipha i I-IBM PC, yenza umqondo wekhompiyutha ube semthethweni kuwo wonke amadeski. Yasebenzisa a i-microprocessor kusuka Intethende kanye ne isistimu esebenzayo kusuka kuMicrosoft ebizwa nge-MS-DOS (I-Microsoft Disk Operating System).

Lesi sakhiwo esivulekile sivumele abanye abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe "ama-clones" asebenze njenge- IBM umshini. Lokhu kumiswa kungakho igama elithi "pc" yafana namakhompyutha asekelwe ku-Windows, ehlukile kuwo Ama-Macs. Ifa le I-IBM PC kukhulu; yasungula izindinganiso zehadiwe ukuthi ama-pcs kusalandela nanamuhla. Ngisho ne Umjondolo weRadio TRS-80 idlale indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni amakhompyutha afinyeleleke ngaphambilini IBM wahola.

I-Desktop vs. I-Laptop: Iyiphi I-PC Yefomu Factor Ekulungele?

Lapho ukhetha a pc, isinqumo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngokuvamile siphakathi kwe ideskithophu kanye a i-laptop. Amakhompyutha edeskithophu zimile. Ngokuvamile ziqukethe ikesi elihlukile lombhoshongo, ukuqapha, ikhibhodi negundane. Ngenxa yokuthi makhulu, angabamba ngaphezulu ikhompuyutha enamandla izingxenye futhi ube nokupholisa okungcono. Lokhu kubenza balungele imisebenzi esindayo njengokuhlelwa kwevidiyo noma amageyimu aphezulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhompyutha aphathekayo (noma izincwadi zokubhalela) hlanganisa isikrini, ikhibhodi, kanye iphedi yokuthinta kube a ephathekayo siqu iyunithi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe beselula buthuthukile, ama-laptops abe namandla ngendlela emangalisayo, avame ukubangisana amadeskithophu. Ngokwesibonelo, yethu 16 inch laptop ds160n95 inikeza isikrini esikhulu nokusebenza okuqinile ngendlela ongayiphatha esikhwameni.

Siphinde sabona ukunyuka nokuwa kwe- i-netbook- encane, engabizi, futhi amandla amancane i-laptop yakhelwe ngokuyinhloko ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Ngenkathi ithemu i-netbook iningi lanyamalala, lathathelwa indawo amalaptops namathebulethi azacile kakhulu, umqondo wokuthi kakhulu amakhompyutha ephathekayo ihlala ibalulekile. Ama-Netbooks yavula indlela yama-Ultrabook esimanje. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha kuncike ekutheni udinga amandla aluhlaza noma amandla okwenza hlanganisa esitolo sekhofi.

Iyini i-CPU futhi Kungani Ibizwa Ngengqondo?

I iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi, noma cpu, iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi pc. Ungacabanga ngakho njengobuchopho bekhompyutha. Kuyi-a i-microprocessor eyenza imiyalelo evela kuhadiwe nesofthiwe. Uma uchofoza igundane noma uvula uhlelo lokusebenza, i cpu yingxenye echaza ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe.

Abadlali abakhulu bayathanda Intethende kanye ne-AMD benza lawa maships. Isivinini se-a cpu inquma ukuthi ishesha kangakanani pc kungaba cubungula idatha. Iphrosesa esheshayo ikuvumela ukuthi uvule izinhlelo ngokushesha futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuthi ikhompuyutha ihambe kancane.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze- I-IBM PC, amaprosesa ayelula. Namuhla, yesimanje cpu "inama-cores" amaningi, eyivumela ukuthi iphathe imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuthi usebenzisa i-a ideskithophu noma a ephathekayo siqu ikhompuyutha, i cpu iyala uphahla lwakho amandla ekhompyutha.

Kungani I-RAM (Inkumbulo Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe) Ibalulekile Ekusebenzeni?

Uma i cpu ubuchopho ke inqama (inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe) inkumbulo yokusebenza yesikhashana. Inqama kuyinto inkumbulo eguqukayo, okusho ukuthi ibamba kuphela idatha ngenkathi i- pc ivuliwe. Uma ucisha ikhompuyutha, i- inqama kusuliwe.

Inkumbulo yekhompyutha kubalulekile ngoba igcina idatha ukuthi cpu idinga ukufinyelela ngokushesha. Uma uvula isiphequluli sewebhu noma idokhumenti, ilayishwa isuka ku-hard drive iye kuyo Inqama. Okuningi inani lenqama unawo, amathebhu engeziwe ongawagcina evuliwe futhi nokwenza okwakho kube bushelelezi pc izogijima.

Ama-PC amakhompyutha edeskithophu noma amakhompyutha aphathekayo athembele kakhulu kulesi sivinini. Uma ungenakho okwanele inqama, ikhompuyutha kufanele ihlale ishintshanisa idatha iye phambili naphambili kudrayivu yesitoreji ehamba kancane, okubangela isistimu ukuthi ibambezeleke. Okwesimanjemanje ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu, 8GB kuya ku-16GB ye Inqama isincomo esijwayelekile.

Ama-GPU kanye Nokuxhumana Kwezithombe Kukushintsha Kanjani Okuhlangenwe nakho?

I gpu, noma iyunithi yokucubungula ihluzo, unomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza izithombe, ividiyo, nemidlalo. Esikhathini esedlule, amakhompyutha ayebonisa umbhalo kuphela. Namuhla, i umfanekiso isipiliyoni yikho konke. I gpu isusa ukuphakamisa okusindayo kwezibalo ezibukwayo ku- cpu, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle.

Amakhompuyutha okuqala ayesebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo somugqa womyalo lapho kwakufanele uthayiphe amakhodi athile. Ukwethulwa kwe- gui (i-graphical interface yomsebenzisi) kushintshe konke. I I-GUI ikuvumela ukuthi uxhumane ne- pc usebenzisa izithonjana, amawindi, namamenyu. I-Microsoft Windows kanye ne-Macintosh OS yandisa i- I-GUI, okwenza amakhompyutha afinyeleleke kwabangewona ochwepheshe.

Okwabadlali bamageyimu nezingcweti zobuciko, okuzinikele gpu kubalulekile. Ivumela i- pc ukunikeza izindawo ze-3D nokuhlela ividiyo enokulungiswa okuphezulu. Ngisho nemisebenzi eyisisekelo, okuhle umfanekiso I-chip iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusakazwa kwevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu kudlala kahle kuwe 15.6 Inch laptop I71060NG7.

Amadivayisi Esitoreji: I-Hard Disk Drives vs. SSDs?

Kuya gcina idatha unomphela—njengezithombe zakho, amadokhumenti, kanye isistimu esebenzayo uqobo—uyazidinga amadivaysi okugcina. Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, i i-hard disk drive (HDD) bekuyindinganiso. Lawa madrayivu asebenzisa izingcwecwe kazibuthe eziphothayo ukuze zifunde futhi zibhale ulwazi. Avulekile futhi ashibhile kodwa ahamba kancane.

Eminyakeni yamuva, Ama-SSD (amadrayivu wesimo esiqinile) bathathe izintambo. Isimo esiqinile isitoreji sisebenzisa ama-flash memory chips, afana nalokhu okukudrayivu ye-USB, kodwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ama-SSD ayinazo izingxenye ezihambayo, okuzenza zisheshe, zithule, futhi zihlale isikhathi eside kune ama-hard disk drive.

A i-pc ihlanganisa yezingxenye eziningi, kodwa ukuthuthukela ku-SSD kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokusheshisa umshini omdala. Sasibuye sithembele amadrayivu optical (Amadrayivu e-CD/DVD) okufaka isofthiwe nokudlala imidiya. Nokho, optical isitoreji sesinyamalele kakhulu kwesamanje ama-pcs njengoba isivinini se-inthanethi esisheshayo sisivumela ukuthi silande yonke into ngokuqondile.

Iyini i-Operating System (OS) futhi Kungani Uyidinga?

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha azinamsebenzi ngaphandle kwesoftware. I isistimu esebenzayo (os) iyisofthiwe ebaluleke kakhulu ku-a pc. Iphatha i- hardware kanye nesofthiwe izinsiza futhi inikeza izinsiza ezivamile zezinhlelo zekhompyutha. I OS ibhuloho phakathi kwakho nezingxenye zomzimba ezifana ne cpu futhi inqama.

I-Microsoft Windows yiyona evame kakhulu isistimu esebenzayo okwe ama-pcs, etholakala ngobuningi be ideskithophu kanye namadivayisi aphathekayo emhlabeni jikelele. I-Linux ingenye enamandla os, evame ukusetshenziswa onjiniyela namaseva, aziwa ngokukhululeka kanye nomthombo ovulekile. I-MacOS ye-Apple yiyona os okwe Ama-Macs.

I OS iphatha i uhlelo lwefayela, ukuphathwa kwememori, kanye ne gui. Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eminingi, usebenzisa ispredishithi ngenkathi ulalele umculo. Ngaphandle kwe- uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nesoftware, a pc iqoqo nje lensimbi ne-silicon.

I-Peripherals Ithanda Ikhibhodi kanye Negundane Ukuxhuma Kanjani?

I esibonakalayo phakathi komuntu nomshini kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ama-peripherals. I ikhibhodi futhi igundane angamathuluzi ayinhloko esiwasebenzisela ukufaka imiyalo. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, wawunayo kuphela ikhibhodi. Ukusungulwa kwe- igundane yashintsha indlela esizulazula ngayo gui.

Kumalaptops, igundane lithathelwa indawo yi-a iphedi yokuthinta, nakuba abantu abaningi besancamela ukuxhuma igundane langaphandle. Lawa madivayisi axhumeka ku- amabhodi omama (ibhodi lesekhethi eyinhloko) nge-USB noma nge-Bluetooth.

Izindlela zokufaka ziyathuthuka. Izikrini zokuthinta, ezifana nalezo ezitholakala kweyethu 10.1 Intshi yethebhulethi egobile gs10n, vumela ukuxhumana okuqondile. Imiyalo yezwi nayo isivamile. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhiqiza okukhulu, impendulo ethintekayo yomzimba ikhibhodi uhlala engashaywa.

Ixhumeka Kanjani I-PC Emhlabeni Nge-Internet Protocol?

I-standalone pc inamandla, kodwa ixhunyiwe pc ayinamkhawulo. Inethiwekhi ivumela amakhompyutha ukuxhumana. Lokhu kulawulwa yi- Iphrothokholi Ye-inthanethi (IP). I-IP ikheli lihlukile isihlonzi esivumela eyakho pc ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha emhlabeni wonke.

Lapho ukhona ukuphequlula i-inthanethi, wakho pc isebenzisa le nqubo yomthetho ukucela idatha kumaseva. Ukuthi uxhuma ngekhebula ye-Ethernet noma i-Wi-Fi, i ukugeleza kwedatha ihlala njalo. Lokhu kuxhumana kuguqule i- pc kusukela ethuluzini lokubala ukuya endaweni yokuxhumana.

Okwesimanje ama-pcs aklanywe anokuxhumana engqondweni, afaka ama-chips e-Wi-Fi asheshayo kanye namandla e-5G kaningi amakhompyutha ephathekayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma ngabe usebenza ku-a ideskithophu ehhovisi noma a i-netbook epaki, uhlala uxhumekile emhlabeni wedijithali.

Ukugcina

I ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu ihambe ibanga elide kuma-hobbyist kits of the 1970s. Kusukela ekumisweni okulethwe yi- I-IBM PC kokushelelayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu amakhompyutha aphathekayo sikhiqiza namuhla, i pc lihlala liyithuluzi elisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ku-arsenal yethu. Kungumshini onamandla angenamkhawulo, anqunyelwe kuphela isofthiwe esebenzayo kanye nomcabango womsebenzisi wawo.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule mayelana ne- pc:

• Incazelo: A pc iyikhompuyutha yenhloso evamile ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngu umuntu oyedwa ngesikhathi, ehlukile mainframe computer.
• Umlando: I I-IBM PC setha indinganiso yehadiwe, kuyilapho i- I-Altair, I-Apple II, futhi U-Commodore I-PET yavula indlela.
• Amafomu: Ama-PC ziza ngezimo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi amakhompyutha edeskithophu (emile) kanye amalaptop (iyaphatheka).
• Ingqondo: I cpu (Central Processing Unit) iyona i-microprocessor ecubungula yonke imiyalelo.
• Inkumbulo: Inqama iyinkumbulo eguquguqukayo esetshenziselwa imisebenzi esebenzayo; okwengeziwe inqama kusho ukwenza izinto eziningi kangcono.
• Isitoreji: Idatha igcinwa ku i-hard disk ukushayela noma ngokushesha Ama-SSD (Ama-Solid State Drives).
• Okubonwayo: I gpu izibambo umfanekiso ukunikeza, kubalulekile ku- gui kanye nokudlala.
• Isoftware: An isistimu esebenzayo njenge I-Microsoft Windows noma I-Linux iphatha i-Hardware futhi inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi.
• Okokufaka: I ikhibhodi negundane zingamadivayisi wokufaka ajwayelekile, noma ukuthinta kukhula.
• Ukuxhumana: I Iphrothokholi Ye-inthanethi kwenza ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke kanye ukuphequlula i-inthanethi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa enamandla i-desktop pc ngomsebenzi noma a 14 inch laptop 14-N5000 esikoleni, ukuqonda lezi pc izingxenye ikusiza ukuthi ujabulele ubunjiniyela obumangalisayo ezandleni zakho. Kwenziwe yonke imizamo ukwenza lo mhlahlandlela uphelele, kodwa umhlaba we ama-pcs ihlezi ivela!