Itekhnoloji ihamba ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Usenokuba uthenga iitafile eziqhelekileyo okanye ilaptop esisiseko yesithili sesikolo namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, umlingo wokwenyani wekamva lenzeka kude kumaziko amakhulu edatha. Oomatshini abakhulu benza iintaba zolwazi ukwenza ii-elektroniki zethu zemihla ngemihla zibe krelekrele kwaye zikhawuleze. Esi sithuba sichaza indlela amandla amakhulu ekhompyuter kunye ne-AI ebumba ngayo izixhobo esithembele kuzo sonke. Funda ukuze ubone ukuba i-hardware yangomso yangomso yenziwe njani ngezona nkqubo zanamhlanje eziphambili.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Supercomputer kwaye iComputer njani?

A ikhompyutha enkulu ngokwenene iphezulu kakhulu ikhompyutha enamandla. Ngokukodwa yenzelwe ukubaleka imisebenzi emikhulu. Inokuba lula ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima ukuba umatshini oqhelekileyo akanako ukuwuphatha. Xa iinjineli zilinganisa i ukusebenza kwe-supercomputer, azijongi kwizantya zewotshi ezisemgangathweni njengokuba ubuya kwenza kwiPC yasekhaya. Kunoko, isantya salo kulinganiswa kwimisebenzi yeendawo ezidadayo ngokwe okwesibini. Sidla ngokuyibiza le nto a iflophu.

Ukufikelela oku kungakholelekiyo umgangatho wokusebenza, enye I-supercomputer inokuqulatha amashumi amawaka abaqhubekekisi. La malungu mancinane asebenza ngokusondeleleneyo ukuze asebenze njengobuchopho obunye. Enkulu iikhompyutha ezinkulu zenziwe amaqhekeza amancinci amancinci akhoyo zidityaniswe kwiinodi zokubala. Ezi ikhomputha iindawo jongana namaqhekeza amancinane ephazili enkulu ngaxeshanye. Baqhuba iitriliyoni ze izibalo ngesekhondi ngesantya esidizzy.

Oku kukhulu khola amandla abaluleke kakhulu kule mihla AI. Nokuba uxela kwangaphambili iindlela zokuthenga okanye uqeqesha abancedisi belizwi abakrelekrele, AI ifuna izixhobo ezininzi. Iikhompyuter ezinkulu nazo esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya isoftware kunye noyilo lwehardware oluthi ekugqibeleni luhlale kwizixhobo zabathengi. Yonke ithebhulethi entsha okanye i-smartphone ixhamla ekuphakamiseni ubunzima okwenziwa ngu ikhompyutha enkulu ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba imveliso ifike kwiishelufu.

Yaqala njani iSupercomputing kwiMbali yeKhompyutha?

Ibali le supercomputing yaqala kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. I ikhompyutha yokuqala wazalwa xa izazinzulu zakudala kunye neenjineli zasemkhosini zazifuna isantya esiphezulu. Seymour Cray wayengumntu odumileyo ngelo xesha. Wayila edumileyo CDC 6600 ngelixa usebenza Umbutho weDatha woLawulo. Ababhali-mbali abaninzi bayibiza ngokuba CDC 6600 isiqalo esiyinyani sale mihla iteknoloji yekhompyutha.

Ngaphambi kokuba lo matshini ufike, ezinye iiprojekthi ezifana ne IBM 7030 ebekhona. Ngokukodwa, i IBM 7030 Yolula wazama ukutyhala imida yento enokwenziwa ngumatshini. Nangona kunjalo, Seymour Cray wasebenzisa uyilo lokupholisa olukrelekrele kunye neengcingo ezixineneyo ukwenza umatshini wakhe ukhawuleze kakhulu. Kwangoko sebenzisa iikhompyutha ezinkulu iipatheni zocingo ezizodwa zokunciphisa ukulibaziseka komqondiso phakathi kwamalungu. Zazahluke kakhulu kuyo yonke enye into eyakhiwa ngelo xesha.

Ngezo mini zamandulo, isantya somatshini maxa wambi sasibekwe nje umlinganiselo imiyalelo million ngomzuzwana. Oko kubonakala kucotha ngokumangalisayo namhlanje! Ngoku, yangoku AI iimodeli zifuna ngaphezulu kunoko. Kodwa ezo ntsuku zamandulo zaqalisa. Baye bangqina ukuba abantu banokwakha oomatshini abakhulu bokuphatha izibalo eziphambeneyo.

Kutheni le nto iiKhompyutha eziqhelekileyo zahluke kwiKhompyutha eSebenza ngokuPhezulu?

Cinga ngesixhobo esihleli kwidesika yakho ngoku. Idesktop eqhelekileyo okanye ishishini I-16 i-intshi laptop ds160n95 ilungile kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Iikhompyutha eziqhelekileyo badla ngokuba nentloko enye iprosesa. Basenokuba nesandla CPU cores. Kodwa a ikhompyuter esebenza kakhulu lirhamncwa elahluke ngokupheleleyo.

Isiseko inkqubo yekhompyuter wenza imisebenzi yomntu omnye ngexesha. Inokusebenzisa umgangatho inkqubo yokwenza njengeWindows okanye i-Android. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oomatshini bophando abakhulu ziqulathe amashumi amawaka yamacandelo. Baye banayo amashumi amawaka eendawo zokuhlala ukusebenza kanye. Xa uchwetheza kwi laptop, ivakala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuwe. Kodwa ayikwazi ukuqhuba ihlabathi AI Ukulinganisa okanye imodeli yegenome yomntu.

Yemihla ngemihla iikhompyutha zobuqu zakhiwe ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukuphatheka, kunye nobushushu obuphantsi. Isixhobo esikhulu kufuneka silawule ngokucokisekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Umgangatho laptop irhabula amandla ebhetri kancinane. Indawo enkulu yedatha isebenzisa amandla awoneleyo ukukhanyisa idolophu encinci!

• ILaptop: I-CPU eyi-1, i-8-16 GB RAM, isebenza kwibhetri, eyakhelwe umsebenzisi omnye.
• Ikhompyutha enkulu: Izigidi zee-cores, iipetabytes ze-RAM, zidinga iplanti yamandla, eyakhelwe iiseti ezinkulu zedatha.

IParallel Processing iyenza njani iQela leKhompyutha?

Ukwenza oomatshini bakhawuleze, iinjineli zidibanisa amawakawaka abo. Oku kudala inethiwekhi enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-a iqela. Ngaphakathi a iqela, amalungu kufuneka athethe ngokukhawuleza. Basebenzisa ekhethekileyo, isantya esiphezulu uqhagamshelwano inkqubo yentambo. Oku kuyanceda lungiselela ukuhamba kwedatha phakathi kwawo onke amalungu.

Iinjineli sebenzisa inkqubo ehambelanayo ukwahlula umthwalo womsebenzi. Ngokwenene, supercomputing luhlobo ye ukusetyenzwa ngokunxuseneyo. Iqhekeza umsebenzi omkhulu ube ngamasuntswana amancinci. Emva koko, amakhulu okanye amawaka yeetships ukusombulula loo masuntswana kanye kanye ngexesha elinye. Le ngcamango elula ye ukuhambelana yinto eyenza ukuba umlingo wenzeke. Yicinge njengokupheka isidlo esikhulu: umpheki omnye uthatha ixesha elide, kodwa abapheki abalikhulu abasebenza kunye bagqiba ngemizuzu.

Igama I-supercomputing ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa ngokufanayo nge HPC (ukusebenza okuphezulu kwikhompyuter). Ukulawula ubunzima umthwalo womsebenzi, isoftware yokulawula kufuneka ilumke kakhulu. Namhlanje, AI udweliso lwenkqubo lwakhiwe ukuze lunwenwe ngokugqibeleleyo kulo lonke a iqela. Obu buchule bubizwa ngokuba ukusetyenzwa okunxuseneyo okukhulu. Inika inkqubo yonke engakholelekiyo imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Iza kuyityhala njani i-AI kwiMida yaMandla okuBala?

Namhlanje, AI ngoyena mqhubi mkhulu weshishini letekhnoloji. Ukuqeqesha entsha AI ifuna isixa esikhulu se ukubala. Kukho ezithile iingxaki ezifuna izibalo ezigqithisileyo zokusombulula. I izibalo ezinzima kunye ezinkulu ezisetyenzisiweyo ngothungelwano lwe-neural ziyamangaza. Enyanisweni, i izibalo ezinkulu ezisetyenziswa ngoomatshini abakhulu namhlanje phantse ubukhulu becala AI uphando.

Ukuphatha le nto inzima ngokubala umthwalo, iitshiphusi eziqhelekileyo azonelanga. Sithembele kakhulu kwi iiyunithi zokusetyenzwa kwemizobo okanye GPUs. A umzobo chip igqibelele ngokupheleleyo AI. Yenza iingxaki ezininzi zezibalo ngexesha elinye. Iinkampani ezifana Intel kunye noNvidia bakha iindawo ezithile ngenxa yesi sizathu.

Ezi AI imisebenzi iphucula izixhobo ozithenga yonke imihla. Umzekelo, ikhamera ehlakaniphile ifaka kwi yethu10.1 Intshi yeCwecwe X12 Pro thembele kwi AI iimodeli ezaziqeqeshwe ekuqaleni koomatshini abakhulu. Okungakholelekiyo amandla okusebenza yesixhobo esikhulu ekugqibeleni yenza ithebhulethi yakho encinci ibe nobuchule kwaye ibe luncedo ngakumbi.

Cloud Computing vs. HPC Local: Yeyiphi ephumeleleyo kwi-AI eNkulu?

Ayinguye wonke umntu onemali yokuthenga indawo enkulu yeseva. Yile ndawo kanye ikhompuyutha yamafu ngena. Cloud computing ivumela iinkampani ziqeshe amandla kwi-intanethi. Ufumana ukusebenza okuphezulu kwikhompyuter ngaphandle kokwakha isigebenga, igumbi elinengxolo eligcwele abancedisi.

Kuba enkulu AI iiprojekthi, ilifu iyamangalisa. Ungarenta isilayi esincinci se eyona khompyutha ikhawulezayo yehlabathi ngeeyure nje ezimbalwa. I ukusebenza okuphezulu kwekhompyutha ihlabathi liyamkele ngokupheleleyo le ngcamango. Iyenza HPC zifikeleleke kwiimpawu ezincinci kunye nezikolo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nehardware yasekhaya kusabalulekile kwabanye. Ezinye iinkcukacha ezikhuseleke kakhulu azikwazi ukuya kwilifu loluntu. Ke, iinkampani zakha ezazo mini HPC amagumbi. Nokuba uyayirenta kwi-Intanethi okanye uyayithenga, udinga enkulu khola izixhobo zokuhlala ukhuphisana kule mihla AI uhlanga.

"Ilifu ledemokhrasi yokufikelela kumandla amakhulu ekhompyutheni. Ngoku, nayiphi na isiqalo inokuqeqesha imodeli ye-AI. "

Ingaba imo yezulu itshintsha njani enkosi kwiSupercomputing?

Imeko enye yokusetyenziswa kweklasikhi koomatshini abakhulu uqikelelo lwemozulu. Ii-Supercomputers zinokusetyenziswa ukuqikelela izaqhwithi ezimandla kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iiarhente ezifana Ulawulo lweSizwe loLwandlekazi kunye ne-Atmospheric thembele kakhulu kubo. Bangenisa iibhiliyoni zamanqaku edatha kwisathelayithi yonke imihla.

Basebenzisa olu lwandle lwedatha ngokuchanekileyo linganisa umoya. Ngokwenza oku, banokuqikelela iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu iintsuku ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Bayabonelela ixesha lokwenyani izilumkiso ezisindisa ubomi kunye nempahla. Oku kufuna ukwenza izibalo ezintsonkothileyo kangangezigidi zamaxesha ngomzuzwana.

I ngokubala iimodeli zemozulu ziyafana AI iimodeli. Bobabini badinga izixa ezikhulu zedatha ukuze bafunde. Umntu omnye ukubala ayinakuthatha ixesha elide kwinto eqhelekileyo ikhompyutha. Kodwa ukwenza amawaka ezigidi ngaxeshanye kufuna amandla anzulu, azinikeleyo.

Yintoni indima yeeNjongo eziKhethekileyo zeeSupercomputers kwi-AI?

Ngamanye amaxesha, umatshini jikelele ayisosixhobo esilungileyo somsebenzi. Eli lixesha ii-supercomputers ezinenjongo eyodwa khazimla. Zakhelwe ukusuka phantsi ukuya phezulu ukwenzela umsebenzi othile. Banjalo yenzelwe ukubaleka olunye uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe ukubala ngokugqibeleleyo, ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla kuyo nayiphi na enye into.

Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi benza oomatshini ukuze bafunde i-quantum mechanics. Eyomzimba ulwakhiwo ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa loo nzululwazi ichanekileyo. Kwi AI ihlabathi, iinkampani zakha iitshiphusi zesiko nje kwiinethiwekhi ze-neural. Ezi azikho iikhompyutha eziqhelekileyo eqhuba isikhangeli okanye iprosesa yegama.

Kuba bagxile kwinto enye ngokupheleleyo, basebenza ngendlela emangalisayo. Banokuba lula 10 amaxesha ngokukhawuleza kuloo msebenzi omnye kunomatshini jikelele. Abamoshi amandla ngosuku inkqubo yokwenza. Basuka bawacuthe amanani abakhelwe ukuba bawaphule. Oku ukusebenza okuphezulu ivumela ukuphumelela ngaphakathi AI oko kwakungenakwenzeka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo.

Ngaba i-Supercomputer ngolunye usuku iya kulunga kwiLaptop?

Ubuchwephesha buhlala bucutheka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Eyona kakhulu ikhompyutha ekhawulezayo ukusuka kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo bendingenawo amandla e-smartphone yanamhlanje. Ke, izigebenga zanamhlanje ekugqibeleni ziya kungena zibe zincinci laptop? Impendulo nguewe nohayi.

Iikhompyutha ezinkulu zanamhlanje zinkulu ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, abanye oomatshini bafikelela ekuphefumleni isantya 442 petaflops. (A iipetaflops yiquadrillion imisebenzi yeendawo ezidadayo ngomzuzwana). Awuzukulingana ubushushu kunye namandla angako kwi laptop nanini na kungekudala! Isixhobo esifana nesethu I-14.1 I-Inch Rugtop Laptop DS141 yomelele kakhulu, kodwa ayikwazi ukumelana neemegawathi ze ukusetyenziswa kwamandla efunekayo kuloo nto.

Nangona kunjalo, i iprosesa ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho ikhompyutha iyakuhlala ingcono kakhulu. Umntu omnye undoqo namhlanje zininzi amaxesha ngokukhawuleza kunezakhelo eziphambili. Ngoku sinamalungu avela kuwo Intel ukuba imbangi amagumbi server yonke ukusuka 1990s. Ikamva lakho laptop iya kuphatha indawo AI imisebenzi ngokulula okumangalisayo.

Ingaba iNdawo yeComputational AI ijongeka njani ngoMso?

Okuvuyisayo indawo yokubala isayensi idibanisa ngokupheleleyo kunye AI. Sibona iinkqubo ezinkulu ezisebenza kwiindawo ezifana ILebhu yeSizwe yaseLos Alamos kwaye ILabhoratri yeSizwe ye-Oak Ridge. Basoloko betyhala imida egqibeleleyo yokuba yintoni a ikhompyutha enokwenza.

Oomatshini bexesha elizayo baya kudibanisa ngokungaqhelekanga iiyunithi zokulungisa ezisembindini ngetekhnoloji entsha kraca. Siza kubona ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi iikhompyuter zevektha esetyenziswayo. A iVector chip ilungile kwiintlobo ezithile zezibalo ukuba AI uyathanda. Baya kusebenzisa ukusetyenzwa okunxuseneyo okukhulu ukuqeqesha AI ngokukhawuleza kunanamhlanje.

Umphezulu iikhompyutha ezinkulu ehlabathini iya kuhlala isaphula iirekhodi ezintsha zesantya. Kungekudala, siza kuthetha nge-exaflops endaweni yokuba iipetaflops. Kwaye konke oku ngokubala amandla ekugqibeleni aya kuhla eze kuthi. Iya kwenza yonke into ikhompyutha sisebenzisa-ukusuka kwiiseva ezisefini ukuya kwithebhulethi esesandleni sakho-ngcono, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye krelekrele kakhulu.

Isishwankathelo

Njengoko sijonga ukutsiba okumangalisayo ngaphakathi khola itekhnoloji, kucacile ukuba ukusetyenzwa okukhulu kubumba ikamva lethu. Ukusuka kuqeqesho oluphambili AI ukuqikelela imozulu, ihardware egqithisileyo ngumqolo ongabonakaliyo wobomi bale mihla.

• A ikhompyutha enkulu yinto enkulu ikhompyutha yakhelwe ukuqhuba izibalo ezintsonkothileyo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
• Ukusebenza ubukhulu becala kulinganiswa kwimisebenzi yeendawo ezidadayo ngokwe okwesibini, eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-a iflophu.
• AI ithembele kakhulu kwi ngokubala amandla anikezelwe ngu iiyunithi zokusetyenzwa kwemizobo (GPUs).
• Amaziko anamhlanje sebenzisa inkqubo ehambelanayo ukwahlula umsebenzi omkhulu amakhulu okanye amawaka yeetships.
• Cloud computing yenza ukusebenza okuphezulu kwekhompyutha iyafikeleleka kumashishini amancinci.
• I indawo yokubala isayensi iyaqhubeka ikhula, ityhalelwa phambili ziilebhu kunye nezintsha iprosesa uyilo.