Khawube nomfanekiso welizwe elingenakho ukukwazi ukuncokola ngevidiyo ngoko nangoko nomntu osebenza naye kulwandlekazi okanye usasaze imuvi ngenkcazo ephezulu ngelixa uhleli kwicafe. Kunzima ukwenza umfanekiso, akunjalo? Isixhobo esenze le revolution yedijithali yenzeke yi ikhompyutha yakho, okanye pc. Ukusuka koomatshini abakhulu, ubukhulu begumbi bexesha elidlulileyo ukuya kwizixhobo ezibukhali esizisebenzisayo namhlanje, i pc iye yatshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenza ngayo nesidlala ngayo.

Eli nqaku lifanelekile ukuba lifundwe kuba likhupha umva iileya zetekhnoloji esiyisebenzisa yonke imihla. Siza kuphonononga imbali enomdla ye ibm pc, bahlahle abagxekayo amacandelo pc njenge ICPU kwaye i-ram, kwaye uchaze indlela i inkqubo yokwenza izisa ebomini zonke. Nokuba ungumnini weshishini ujonge ukuphucula izithuthi zeofisi yakho okanye unomdla nje wokuba le bhokisi yentsimbi ekwidesika yakho isebenza njani, esi sikhokelo sigubungela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nayo. ikhompuyutha yobuqu.

Yintoni echaza ngokuthe ngqo ikhompyuter yakho?

Embindini wayo, a ikhompyutha yakho yikhompyuter yenjongo-jikelele ebukhulu bayo, iziphiwo, kunye nexabiso zenza ukuba ibeluncedo kumntu ngamnye. Ibinzana eliphambili apha lenzelwe umntu omnye ngexesha. Ngaphambi kwe pc revolution, i ishishini lekhompyutha yayilawulwa iikhompyutha eziphambili. Aba yayingoomatshini abakhulu, abaxabisa kakhulu abasetyenziswa ngamashishini amakhulu kunye neeyunivesithi, ababefikelelwa ngabantu abaninzi ngaxeshanye. iitheminali eziqhotyoshelweyo.

A pc eqhelekileyo iqulathe yehardware evumela umsebenzisi omnye ukuba enze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kulungiso lwamagama kunye upapasho lwedesktop ukuya ukukhangela i-intanethi kunye nomdlalo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-a mainframe okanye ikhompyutha enkulu, a pc yi ikhompyuter encinci yenzelwe ukusebenzelana. Ixhobisa umsebenzisi ukuba enze, adle, kwaye alawule idatha ngokuthe ngqo.

Namhlanje, inkcazo iye yanda. Ngoxa ngokwesithethe sicinga a desktop pc okanye a laptop xa sisiva igama, izixhobo ezifana iipilisi kunye nee-smartphones nazo ngokobugcisa iikhompyutha zobuqu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokucaca, xa sithetha iipcs, ngokuqhelekileyo sibhekisela kuyo iikhompyuter zedesktop kwaye iikhompyuter zelaptop ukubaleka i os njengaye Microsoft Windows, Linux, okanye macOS.

Ingaba i-IBM PC kunye nabanye bayimise njani iMbali?

Uhambo oluya kule mihla pc yaqala ngeminyaka yee-1970. Oomatshini bokuqala abafana Isibingelelo 8800 (yenziwe ngu I-MITS) kunye ne Commodore I-PET (I-Transactor yoMntu ye-Electronic) zazijoliswe kubantu abathanda ukuzilibazisa. Kwakunzima ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zingenayo a ujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo. Emva koko kwafika i Apple II, i Ikhompyuter yeApple eye yazisa imizobo yombala kunye nobuhlobo kwimarike, ebonisa ukuba ikhompuyutha yobuqu yayiyeyomntu wonke.

Nangona kunjalo, oyena mtshintshi womdlalo wokwenyani wafika ngo-1981 kunye ne IBM PC. IBM (Oomatshini boShishino baMazwe ngaMazwe) yayiyingxilimbela kwilizwe lezoshishino. Xa bekhulula i IBM PC, yenze ukuba ibe semthethweni ingcamango yekhompyutha kwidesika nganye. Yasebenzisa a microprocessor ukusuka Intel kunye ne inkqubo yokwenza evela kuMicrosoft ebizwa ngokuba yiMS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System).

Olu lwakhiwo luvulekileyo luvumele abanye abavelisi ukuba benze "ii-clones" ezisebenza njenge IBM umatshini. Oku kubekwa emgangathweni kungoko igama elithi "pc"Yaye yafana neekhompyuter ezisekwe kwiWindows, eyahlukileyo kuzo IiMacs. Ilifa le IBM PC inkulu; yaseka imigangatho yehardware leyo iipcs kusalandela nanamhlanje. Nditsho ne Umkhukhu weRadio TRS-80 idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni iikhompyutha zifikeleleke ngaphambili IBM ukhokele.

I-Desktop vs. ILaptop: Yeyiphi iFactor yeFomu yePC ekulungeleyo?

Xa ukhetha i pc, esona sigqibo sikhulu sihlala siphakathi a desktop kunye a laptop. Iikhompyuter zeDesktop zimile. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-case tower case eyahlukileyo, ukubeka iliso, ikhibhodi kunye ne mouse. Ngenxa yokuba zikhulu, zinokubamba ngaphezulu ikhompyutha enamandla iindawo kwaye ube nokupholisa okungcono. Oku kubenza balungele imisebenzi enzima efana nokuhlelwa kwevidiyo okanye umdlalo wesiphelo esiphezulu.

Kwelinye icala, iikhompyuter zelaptop (okanye iincwadi zamanqaku) zidibanisa isikrini, ikhibhodi kunye iphedi yokuchukumisa kwi a eziphathwayo zobuqu iyunithi. Njengoko itekhnoloji yeselula ihambela phambili, iilaptops ziye zaba namandla amakhulu, zihlala zikhuphisana iidesktop. Umzekelo, wethu I-16 i-intshi laptop ds160n95 inikeza isikrini esikhulu kunye nokusebenza okuqinileyo kwifom yefom onokuyiphatha ebhegini.

Siphinde sabona ukunyuka nokuwa kwe netbook-incinci, ingabizi, kwaye amandla angaphantsi ilaptop eyilelwe ngokuyintloko ukufikelela kwi-intanethi. Ngelixa ixesha netbook iye yabuna ubukhulu becala, endaweni yayo iilaptops ezibhityileyo kakhulu kunye neetafile, ingqikelelo ephezulu iikhompyutha eziphathwayo ihlala ibalulekile. Ii-Netbooks yavula indlela yeeUltrabooks zale mihla. Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho luxhomekeke ekubeni ufuna amandla akrwada okanye amandla okwenza khola kwivenkile yekofu.

Yintoni i-CPU kwaye kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiBrain?

I iyunithi yokusebenza esembindini, okanye ICPU, lelona candelo libalulekileyo kulo naliphi na pc. Unokucinga ngayo njengobuchopho bekhompyuter. Yiyo a microprocessor eyenza imiyalelo evela kwihardware kunye nesoftware. Xa ucofa imouse okanye uvula usetyenziso, i ICPU yinxalenye ebonisa ukuba makwenziwe ntoni.

Abadlali abakhulu bayathanda Intel kunye ne-AMD benza ezi chips. Isantya se ICPU imisela ukuba ikhawuleza kangakanani pc unako qhubekisa idatha. Iprosesa ekhawulezayo ikuvumela ukuba uvule iinkqubo ngokukhawuleza kwaye usebenzise iinkqubo ezininzi ngexesha elinye ngaphandle kokuba ikhompyuter icothise.

Ngeentsuku zokuqala ze IBM PC, iiprosesa zazilula. Namhlanje, yanamhlanje ICPU inama "cores" amaninzi, eyivumela ukuba iphathe imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye. Nokuba usebenzisa i desktop okanye a eziphathwayo zobuqu ikhompyuter, i ICPU iyalela isilingi yakho amandla ekhompyuter.

Kutheni le nto i-RAM (iMemori yoFikelelo eRandom) ibalulekile kwiNtsebenzo?

Ukuba i ICPU yingqondo, ngoko i-ram (inkumbulo yofikelelo olungenamkhethe) yinkumbulo yokusebenza yexesha elifutshane. i-ram yi inkumbulo eguqukayo, okuthetha ukuba ibamba kuphela idatha ngelixa i pc ilayitiwe. Xa ucima ikhompyuter, i i-ram iyacinywa.

Imemori yekhompyuter ibalulekile kuba igcina idata ethe ICPU ifuna ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza. Xa uvula isikhangeli sewebhu okanye uxwebhu, lulayishwa ukusuka kwihard drive ukuya kuyo i-ram. Okungakumbi isixa senkunzi yegusha Unazo, kokukhona iithebhu onokuthi uzigcine zivulekile kwaye ilula yakho pc iya kubaleka.

IiPC ziikhompyuter zedesktop okanye iilaptops ezithembele kakhulu kwesi santya. Ukuba awunayo ngokwaneleyo i-ram, ikhomputha kufuneka itshintshe rhoqo idatha emva naphambili kwi-drive yokugcina ecothayo, ibangela ukuba inkqubo ibambeke. Yeyanamhlanje ikhompuyutha yobuqu, 8GB ukuya kwi-16GB ye i-ram sisincomo esisemgangathweni.

Ingaba iiGPUs kunye noNxibelelwano lweMizobo ziwatshintsha njani amava?

I gpu, okanye iyunithi yokusetyenzwa kwemizobo, inoxanduva lokubonisa imifanekiso, ividiyo, kunye nemidlalo. Ngaphambili, iikhompyutha bezibonisa isicatshulwa kuphela. Namhlanje, i umzobo amava yinto yonke. I gpu ithatha ukuphakamisa okunzima kwezibalo ezibonwayo kude kwi ICPU, ukuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle.

Iikhompyuter zangaphambili zasebenzisa ujongano lomgca womyalelo apho kufuneka uchwetheze iikhowudi ezithile. Ukwaziswa kwe gui (ujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo) yatshintsha yonke into. I GUI ikuvumela ukuba uqhagamshelane ne pc usebenzisa ii-ayikhoni, iifestile, kunye neemenyu. Microsoft Windows kunye neMacintosh OS yandisa i GUI, ukwenza iikhompyutha zifikeleleke kubantu abangezongcali.

Kubadlali bemidlalo kunye neengcali zokuyila, abazinikeleyo gpu ibalulekile. Yenza ukuba i pc ukubonelela ngeemeko-bume ze-3D kunye nokuhlela ividiyo enesisombululo esiphezulu. Nakwimisebenzi esisiseko, elungileyo umzobo I-chip iqinisekisa ukuba ividiyo enenkcazo ephezulu idlala ngokutyibilikayo kuwe 15.6 I-Inch Laptop I710ng7.

Izixhobo zokuGcina: iiHard Disk Drives vs. SSDs?

Ukuya gcina idatha ngokusisigxina-njengezithombe zakho, amaxwebhu, kunye ne inkqubo yokwenza ngokwayo—uyayidinga izixhobo zokugcina. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, i idiski enzima drive (HDD) ibingumgangatho. Ezi drives zisebenzisa iipleyiti zemagnethi ezijikelezayo ukufunda nokubhala ulwazi. Ziphangalele kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi kodwa zicotha noko.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-SSD (i-slid-state drives) bathathe indawo. Ilizwe eliqinileyo ugcino lusebenzisa iitshiphusi zememori ezikhanyayo, ezifanayo naleyo ikwi-USB drive, kodwa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. ii-SSD azinamalungu ashukumayo, azenze zikhawuleze, zithule, kwaye zomelele ngakumbi kune hard disk drives.

A pc iqulathe yamacandelo amaninzi, kodwa ukuphucula kwi-SSD yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokukhawulezisa umatshini omdala. Nathi sasihlala sithembele optical drives (CD/DVD drives) yokuhlohla isoftwe kunye nokudlala imidiya. Nangona kunjalo, ukubona ugcino luye lwanyamalala kakhulu kule mihla iipcs njengoko isantya se-intanethi esikhawulezayo sivumela ukuba sikhuphele yonke into ngokuthe ngqo.

Yintoni iNkqubo yokuSebenza (i-OS) kwaye kutheni uyifunayo?

I-Hardware ayinamsebenzi ngaphandle kwesoftware. I inkqubo yokwenza (os) yeyona software ibalulekileyo kwi pc. Ilawula i hardware kunye nesoftware izibonelelo kwaye ibonelela ngeenkonzo eziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter. I OS yibhulorho phakathi kwakho kunye namalungu omzimba afana ne ICPU kwaye i-ram.

Microsoft Windows yeyona ixhaphakileyo inkqubo yokwenza ngenxa iipcs, ifunyenwe kuninzi lwe desktop kunye nezixhobo zelaptop kwihlabathi jikelele. Linux yenye enamandla os, ehlala isetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi kunye nabancedisi, eyaziwa ngokuba simahla kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo. IMacOS yeApple yile os ngenxa IiMacs.

I OS iphatha i inkqubo yefayile, ulawulo lwenkumbulo, kunye ne gui. Ikuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi emininzi, usebenzisa ispredishithi ngelixa umamele umculo. Ngaphandle kwe inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nesoftware, a pc yingqokelela nje yentsimbi kunye nesilicon.

Ngaba iiperipherals zifana njani nekhibhodi kunye neMouse ziQhagamshelana nawe?

I ujongano phakathi komntu kunye nomatshini kwenzeka ngeeperipherals. I ikhibhodi kwaye impuku zizixhobo eziphambili esizisebenzisayo ukufaka imiyalelo. Ngeentsuku zokuqala, wawunayo kuphela ikhibhodi. Ukuveliswa kwe impuku iguqule indlela esihamba ngayo gui.

Kwiilaptops, imouse ithathelwa indawo yi a iphedi yokuchukumisa, nangona abantu abaninzi besakhetha ukuplaga kwimouse yangaphandle. Ezi zixhobo ziqhagamshela kwi iibhodi zomama (ibhodi yesekethe ephambili) nge-USB okanye ngeBluetooth.

Iindlela zokufaka ziyaguquka. Izikrini zokuchukumisa, ezifana nezo zifunyenwe kwethu I-10.1 i-intshi ithebhulethi yetafile ye-GS10N, vumela unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo. Imiyalelo yelizwi nayo iya ixhaphaka. Nangona kunjalo, kwimveliso enzulu, ingxelo ebambekayo yomzimba ikhibhodi uhlala engabethwa.

IKhompyutha iQhagamshela njani kwihlabathi ngeProtokholi ye-Intanethi?

Izimele pc unamandla, kodwa unxibelelwano pc ayinamda. Uthungelwano luvumela iikhompyutha ukuba zinxibelelane. Oku kulawulwa yi Inkqubo ye-Intanethi (IP). I-IP idilesi yahlukile isazisi esivumela eyakho pc ukuthumela kunye nokufumana idatha kwihlabathi liphela.

Xa unjalo ukukhangela i-intanethi, yakho pc isebenzisa le protocol ukucela idata kubancedisi. Nokuba uqhagamshela ngentambo ye-Ethernet okanye iWi-Fi, i ukuhamba kwedatha ihlala ihleli. Olu qhagamshelo luguqule i pc ukusuka kwisixhobo sokubala ukuya kwindawo yonxibelelwano.

Yangoku iipcs ziyilelwe ngoqhagamshelo engqondweni, ebonisa iitshiphusi zeWi-Fi ezikhawulezayo kwaye zihlala zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-5G iikhompyutha eziphathwayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba nokuba usebenza kwi-a desktop eofisini okanye a netbook epakini, uhlala uqhagamshelwe kwihlabathi ledijithali.

Ukuqukumbela

I ikhompyutha yakho isuka kude kwiikhithi ze-hobbyist ze-1970s. Ukususela ekubekweni emgangathweni okuziswe yi IBM PC kwi-sleek, ukusebenza okuphezulu iikhompyuter zelaptop senza namhlanje, i pc Ihlala isesona sixhobo sisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwi-arsenal yethu. Ingumatshini onamandla angenasiphelo, anqunyelwe kuphela yisoftware eqhubayo kunye nokucinga komsebenzisi wayo.

Nazi izinto eziphambili onokuthi uzikhumbule malunga ne pc:

• Ingcaciso: A pc yinjongo-jikelele yekhompyuter eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngu umntu omnye ngexesha, eyahlukileyo kwi iikhompyutha eziphambili.
• Imbali: I IBM PC seta umgangatho wehardware, ngelixa i Isibingelelo, Apple II, kwaye Commodore I-PET yavula indlela.
• Iifom: IiPC ziza ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo, ikakhulu iikhompyuter zedesktop (emile) kunye iilaptops (ephathekayo).
• Ingqondo: I ICPU (iYunithi yoMbindi woLungiso) yi microprocessor eqhuba yonke imiyalelo.
• Inkumbulo: i-ram yinkumbulo eguqukayo esetyenziselwa imisebenzi esebenzayo; ngakumbi i-ram kuthetha ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi engcono.
• Ugcino: Idatha igcinwe idiski enzima ukuqhuba okanye ngokukhawuleza ii-SSD (Ii-Solid State Drives).
• Okubonwayo: I gpu iziphatho umzobo unikezelo, oluyimfuneko kwi gui kunye nomdlalo.
• Isoftware: An inkqubo yokwenza njengaye Microsoft Windows okanye Linux ilawula ihardware kwaye ibonelela ngojongano lomsebenzisi.
• Igalelo: I ikhibhodi kunye ne mouse zizixhobo zongeniso eziqhelekileyo, nangona i-touch ikhula.
• Uqhagamshelwano: I Inkqubo ye-Intanethi yenza unxibelelwano lwehlabathi kunye ukukhangela i-intanethi.

Nokuba usebenzisa enamandla desktop pc ngomsebenzi okanye a I-14 i-intshi laptop 14-5000 esikolweni, ukuqonda ezi amacandelo pc ikunceda ukuba ubuxabise ubunjineli obumangalisayo ezandleni zakho. Kuye kwenziwa zonke iinzame ukwenza esi sikhokelo sibanzi, kodwa ihlabathi le iipcs ihlala iguquka!