Technology inofamba zvinoshamisa nekukurumidza. Unogona kunge uchitenga mahwendefa akajairwa kana laptop yekutanga yedunhu rechikoro nhasi. Nekudaro, iwo mashiripiti chaiwo emangwana anoitika kure munzvimbo huru dze data. Michina mikuru inogadzira makomo eruzivo kuita kuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zvemazuva ese zvive zvakangwara uye nekukurumidza. Iyi posvo inotsanangura kuti hukuru hwemakomputa simba uye AI inogadzirisa sei magajeti isu tese tinovimba nawo. Verenga kuti uone kuti mangwana mutengi Hardware ari kugadzirwa sei neazvino masisitimu epamberi.

Chii Chaizvo Chinonzi Supercomputer uye Inoita Sei?

A supercomputer zvakanyanyisa kombiyuta ine simba. Ndizvo chaizvo yakagadzirirwa kumhanya mabasa makuru. Inogona nyore kugadzirisa matambudziko akaoma kuti muchina wenguva dzose haugoni kubata. Apo mainjiniya anoyera iyo kushanda kwe supercomputer, havatarise kumhanya kwewachi kwakajairika sezvaungaita paPC yekumba. Pane kudaro, kumhanya kwayo kuyerwa mukuyangarara-nzvimbo mashandiro pa yechipiri. Isu tinowanzodaidza izvi a flop.

Kuti usvike izvi zvinoshamisa mwero wekuita, imwe chete supercomputer inogona kuva makumi ezviuru zvevagadziri. Aya mativi madiki anoshanda pamwe chete zvakanyanya kuita sehuropi humwe hombe. Massive makombiyuta makuru anogadzirwa yezvidimbu zvidiki zvemuviri izvo akaunganidzwa kuita compute nodes. Izvi compute nodes kubata zvidimbu zvidiki zvepuzzle hombe panguva imwe chete. Vanogadzira matrillions e masvomhu pasekondi pamwero wedzungu.

Ichi chikuru compute simba rakakosha chose pamazuva ano AI. Kunyangwe kufanotaura mafambiro ekutenga kana kudzidzisa smart voice vabatsiri, AI inoda zvinhu zvakawanda. Supercomputers zvakare inoshandiswa kuyedza software uye hardware dhizaini inozopedzisira yamhara pamidziyo yevatengi. Yese piritsi nyowani kana smartphone inobatsira kubva mukusimudza kunorema kunoitwa na supercomputer nguva refu chigadzirwa chisati charova masherufu.

Supercomputing Yakatanga Sei muKombuta Nhoroondo?

Nyaya ye supercomputing yakatanga makumi emakore akawanda apfuura. The yekutanga supercomputer akaberekwa apo masayendisiti epakutanga uye mainjiniya ehondo vaida kukurumidza. Seymour Cray aive munhu ane mukurumbira panguva iyi yekutanga. Akagadzira vane mukurumbira CDC 6600 uchishanda pa Iyo kambani Control Data Corporation. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda vanodana kuti CDC 6600 chokwadi chekutanga chemazuva ano tekinoroji yemakombiyuta.

Muchina iwoyo usati wasvika, mamwe mapurojekiti akafanana neayo IBM 7030 aivapo. Kunyanya, iyo IBM 7030 Stretch akaedza kusunda miganhu yekuti mushini unogona kuita sei. Zvisinei, Seymour Cray akashandisa hunyanzvi hwekutonhodza dhizaini uye tambo dzakaomarara kuita kuti muchina wake ukurumidze. Kurumidza kushandisa supercomputers yakasarudzika wiring mapatani ekudzikisa kunonoka kwechiratidzo pakati pezvikamu. Iwo akanga akasiyana zvikuru nechinhu chipi nechipiwo zvacho chakavakwa panguva iyoyo.

Kare mumazuva iwayo ekare, kumhanya kwemuchina pane dzimwe nguva kwaingoonekwa kuti uri mukati miriyoni mirayiridzo pasekondi. Zvinoita sezviri kunonoka nhasi! Zvino, zvechimanjemanje AI mhando dzinoda zvakawanda kupfuura izvozvo. Asi mazuva iwayo okutanga akatanga. Vakaratidza kuti vanhu vaigona kugadzira michina mikuru yekubata masvomhu anopenga.

Sei Akajairwa Makomputa Akasiyana kubva kune Yakakwira-Inoshanda Kombuta?

Funga nezve mudziyo wakagara padhesiki rako izvozvi. A standard desktop kana bhizinesi 16 Inch Laptop DS160n95 yakanaka kubasa remazuva ese. Makombiyuta enguva dzose kazhinji vane main imwe chete processor. Vanogona kunge vane chitsama che CPU cores. Asi a kombiyuta yepamusoro-soro imhuka yakasiyana zvachose.

A basic kombiyuta system anobata mabasa omunhu mumwe panguva. Inogona kushandisa chiyero operating system seWindows kana Android. Kusiyana neizvi, michina mikuru yekutsvagisa dzine makumi ezviuru yezvikamu. Vakadaro makumi ezviuru emanodhi kushanda kamwe chete. Paunonyora pa laptop, inonzwa kukurumidza kwazvo kwauri. Asi haigoni kutungamira pasi rose AI simulation kana kutevedzera genome remunhu.

Yako mazuva ese makombiyuta ega zvakagadzirirwa mutengo wakaderera, kutakura, uye kupisa kwakaderera. Nzvimbo huru inofanira kunyatsogadzirisa zvakanyanyisa kushandiswa kwesimba. Chiyero laptop sips bhatiri simba zvishoma nezvishoma. Nzvimbo huru yedata inoshandisa simba rakakwana kuvhenekera guta diki!

• Laptop: 1 CPU, 8-16 GB RAM, inomhanya pabhatiri, yakavakirwa 1 mushandisi.
• Supercomputer: Mamirioni emacores, petabytes eRAM, anoda chirimwa chemagetsi, chakavakirwa mahombe dataset.

Parallel Processing Inoita Sei Kombuta Cluster?

Kuita kuti michina ikurumidze, mainjiniya anobatanidza zviuru zvacho pamwechete. Izvi zvinogadzira network hombe inonzi a cluster. Mukati a cluster, zvikamu zvinofanira kutaura nokukurumidza. Vanoshandisa yakakosha, yakakwirira-kumhanya interconnect tambo system. Izvi zvinobatsira optimize iyo data inoyerera pakati pezvikamu zvese.

Mainjiniya shandisa parallel processing kupatsanura basa. Chaizvoizvo, supercomputing iri fomu ye parallel processing. Inopwanya basa rakakura kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Zvadaro, mazana kana zviuru zvemachipisi gadzirisa zvimedu izvozvo panguva imwe chete. Pfungwa iri nyore ye parallelism ndizvo zvinoita kuti mashiripiti aitike. Funga nezvazvo sekubika chikafu chihombe: mumwe mubiki anotora nguva yakareba, asi zana mashefu anoshanda pamwechete anopedza mumaminitsi.

Shoko supercomputing dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa zvakafanana pamwe HPC (high performance computing). Kutarisira zvinorema basa rakawanda, software inodzora inofanira kunge yakangwara kwazvo. Nhasi, AI zvirongwa zvakavakwa kuti zvipararire zvakakwana mhiri a cluster. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa massively parallel processing. Inopa iyo system yese incredible throughput uye kushanda zvakanaka.

AI Ichasundidzira Sei Miganho yeComputational Power?

Nhasi, AI ndiye mutyairi mukuru weiyo tech indasitiri. Kudzidzira mutsva AI inoda huwandu hukuru hwe computation. Pane chaiwo matambudziko anoda yakanyanyisa math kugadzirisa. The yakaoma uye yakakura kuverenga yakashandiswa nemaneural network ari kushamisa. Kutaura zvazviri, the masvomhu makuru anoshandiswa nemakomputa makuru nhasi dzinenge dzanyanya AI research.

Kubata kunorema uku computational mutoro, machipisi akajairwa haana kukwana. Tinovimba zvakanyanya graphics processing units kana GPUs. A graphic chip yakakwana zvachose AI. Inoita akawanda akareruka masvomhu matambudziko panguva imwe chete. Makambani akadai Intel uye Nvidia vanovaka zvimwe zvikamu nekuda kwechikonzero ichi.

Izvi AI mabasa anovandudza magajeti aunotenga mazuva ese. Semuenzaniso, iyo smart kamera inoratidzira mune yedu10.1 Inch Tablet X12 Pro vimba AI mhando dzakambodzidziswa pamichina mikuru. The incredible kugadzirisa simba yenzvimbo huru inozopedzisira yaita kuti piritsi rako diki rive nehungwaru uye ribatsire zvakanyanya.

Cloud Computing vs. Local HPC: Ndeipi Inokunda kune Yakakura-Chikero AI?

Haasi munhu wese ane mari yekutenga hofori server nzvimbo. Apa ndipo chaipo cloud computing pinda mukati. Cloud computing inobvumira makambani kurenda simba painternet. Unowana high performance computing pasina kuvaka imba hombe, ine ruzha izere nemaseva.

For hombe-mwero AI mapurojekiti, gore rinoshamisa. Unogona kurenda chidimbu chidiki che supercomputer inokurumidza zvikuru pasi rose kwemaawa mashoma. The high-performance computing nyika yakagamuchira pfungwa iyi zvizere. Zvinoita HPC inowanikwa kune ma brand madiki nezvikoro.

Nekudaro, kuve nemidziyo yemunharaunda kuchiri kukosha kune vamwe. Imwe data yakachengeteka zvakanyanya haigone kuenda kune yeruzhinji gore. Saka, makambani anovaka yavo mini HPC makamuri. Kunyangwe uchiirenda pamhepo kana kuitenga, unoda yakakura compute zviwanikwa kuti urambe uchikwikwidza mune zvanhasi AI rudzi.

"Gore rakaita democratized kusvika kune yakanyanyisa compute power. Iye zvino, chero kutanga kunogona kudzidzisa AI model."

Mamiriro ekunze ari Kuchinja sei Kutenda kune Supercomputing?

Imwe yekirasi yekushandisa kesi yemakina makuru ndeye mamiriro ekunze. Supercomputers inogona kushandiswa kufanotaura madutu makuru uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Masangano akaita se National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration vimba navo zvakanyanya. Ivo vanodya mabhiriyoni emadhata mapoinzi kubva kumasatellite mazuva ese.

Vanoshandisa iyi gungwa re data nemazvo simulate mhepo. Nokuita izvi, vanogona kufanotaura zviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanya mazuva zvisati zvaitika. Vanopa nguva chaiyo yambiro dzinoponesa upenyu nemidziyo. Izvi zvinoda kuita masvomhu akaoma mamirioni enguva pasekondi.

The computational mhando dzemamiriro ekunze dzakangofanana ne AI mienzaniso. Ivo vese vanoda huwandu hukuru hwe data kuti vadzidze. Imwe chete calculation zvinogona kusatora nguva yakareba kuti zvive zvakajairika kombiyuta. Asi kuita mabhiriyoni awo panguva imwe chete kunoda simba rakakomba, rakazvipira.

Ndeipi Basa reChakakosha Chinangwa Supercomputers muAI?

Dzimwe nguva, muchina wakajairwa hausi iwo chishandiso chakanakisa chebasa racho. Iyi ndiyo nguva yakakosha chinangwa supercomputers kupenya. Iwo akavakwa kubva pasi kuenda kune rimwe basa chairo. Ndivo yakagadzirirwa kumhanya imwe chaiyo mhando ye calculation zvakakwana, pasina kutambisa simba pane chimwe chinhu.

Somuenzaniso, vatsvakurudzi vanogadzira michina kuti vangodzidza quantum mechanics. Zvenyama zvivakwa yakarongedzwa chete nesainzi iyoyo. Mu AI nyika, makambani anovaka tsika machipisi chete kune neural network. Ava havasi makombiyuta enguva dzose iyo inoshandisa browser kana izwi processor.

Nekuti ivo vanotarisa zvachose pachinhu chimwe, ivo vanoshanda zvinoshamisa. Vanogona kuva nyore 10 nguva kukurumidza pabasa rimwe chete kupfuura muchina mukuru. Havatambisi simba pamazuva ose operating system. Vanongoti pwanya manhamba avakange vakavakwa kuti varove. Izvi kushanda kwepamusoro inobvumira kubudirira mukati AI izvo zvakanga zvisingabviri makore gumi apfuura.

Ko Supercomputer Rimwe Zuva Inokodzera muLaptop?

Tech inogara ichiderera nekufamba kwenguva. Izvo chaizvo inokurumidza supercomputer kubva makore makumi maviri apfuura ndakanga ndisina simba re smartphone yemazuva ano. Saka, hofori dzanhasi dzichazokwana here mudiki laptop? Mhinduro ndihongu nakwete.

Makombiyuta makuru emazuva ano zvakakura mumuviri. Semuenzaniso, mimwe michina inosvika pakunakidza kumhanya kwe442 petaflops. (A petaflops ibhirioni imwe chete zvinoyangarara-nzvimbo pasekondi) Iwe haungakodzeri kupisa kwakawanda uye simba mu laptop chero nguva munguva pfupi! Chishandiso chakafanana neyedu 14.1 inch rugged laptop dS141 yakaoma zvakanyanya, asi haigone kubata megawatts ye kushandiswa kwesimba zvinodiwa izvozvo.

Zvisinei, the processor mumba mako kombiyuta zvicharamba zvichiita nani zvikuru. Imwe chete core nhasi zvakawanda nguva nekukurumidza kupfuura mainframes ekare. Iye zvino tine zvikamu kubva Intel iyo inokwikwidza yese server makamuri kubva kuma1990s. Ramangwana rako laptop achabata zvemuno AI mabasa zviri nyore zvinoshamisa.

Munda weComputational AI Unotaridzika Sei Mangwana?

Zvinofadza field of computational sainzi iri kusangana zvachose ne AI. Isu tinoona hofori masisitimu anoshanda munzvimbo dzakadai Los Alamos National Laboratory uye Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Vanogara vachisundidzira miganho yakakwana yekuti chii a kombiyuta anogona kuita.

Michina yeramangwana ichasangana zvisina mutsetse central processing units ne brand new tech. Tichaona more specialized vector makombiyuta iri kushandiswa. A vector chip yakanaka kune chaiwo marudzi emasvomhu ayo AI anoda. Vachashandisa massively parallel processing kudzidzisa AI zvakatokurumidza kupfuura nhasi.

Pamusoro supercomputers munyika icharamba ichityora marekodhi matsva. Munguva pfupi, tichataura nezve exaflops pane petaflops. Uye zvose izvi computational simba rinozoenda kwatiri. Ichaita zvese kombiyuta tinoshandisa — kubva kumaseva ari mugore kusvika pahwendefa riri muruoko rwako — zviri nani, zvinokasira, uye zvine hungwaru.

Summary

Sezvatinotarisa kusingadaviriki kusvetuka mukati compute tekinoroji, zviri pachena kuti kugadzirisa kukuru kunoumba ramangwana redu. Kubva pakudzidziswa kwepamusoro AI kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, hardware yakanyanyisa ndiyo isingaoneki musana wehupenyu hwemazuva ano.

• A supercomputer ihombe kombiyuta yakavakirwa kumhanya yakaoma math nekukurumidza.
• Kuita kwakanyanya kuyerwa mukuyangarara-nzvimbo mashandiro pa chechipiri, anozivikanwa sa a flop.
• AI inovimba zvakanyanya ne computational simba rinopihwa ne graphics processing units (GPUs).
• Zvivako zvemazuva ano shandisa parallel processing kugovanisa basa guru mhiri mazana kana zviuru zvemachipisi.
• Cloud computing inoita high-performance computing inowanikwa kune mabhizinesi madiki.
• The field of computational sainzi inoramba ichikura, ichisundirwa mberi nemaLab uye nyowani processor designs.