Tekereza isi idafite ubushobozi bwo guhita uganira kuri videwo na mugenzi wawe hakurya y'inyanja cyangwa gutambutsa firime mubisobanuro bihanitse wicaye kuri cafe. Biragoye gushushanya, sibyo? Igikoresho cyatumye iyi mpinduramatwara ishoboka ni mudasobwa bwite, cyangwa pc. Kuva kumashini nini, ibyumba-binini byimashini byashize kugeza ibikoresho byiza dukoresha uyumunsi ,. pc yahinduye muburyo tubaho, akazi, ndetse no gukina.

Iyi ngingo ikwiye gusoma kuko isubiza inyuma ibice byikoranabuhanga dukoresha burimunsi. Tuzasesengura amateka ashimishije ya ibm pc, gusenya abanegura ibice bya pc nka cpu na impfizi y'intama, hanyuma usobanure uko sisitemu y'imikorere byose bizana ubuzima. Waba uri nyir'ubucuruzi ushaka kuzamura ibiro byawe cyangwa ufite amatsiko gusa yukuntu ako gasanduku k'icyuma kumeza yawe gakora, iki gitabo gikubiyemo ibintu byose ukeneye kumenya. Kubara.

Ni iki gisobanura neza mudasobwa bwite?

Muri rusange, a mudasobwa bwite ni mudasobwa rusange-ifite ubunini, ubushobozi, nigiciro bituma igira akamaro kubantu. Imvugo y'ingenzi hano igenewe umuntu umwe umwe. Mbere ya pc impinduramatwara ,. inganda za mudasobwa yiganjemo mudasobwa yibanze. Izi zari imashini nini, zihenze zikoreshwa namasosiyete manini na kaminuza, zagerwaho nabantu benshi icyarimwe ihererekanyamakuru.

A pc isanzwe igizwe by'ibyuma byemerera umukoresha umwe gukora imirimo itandukanye, kuva gutunganya ijambo na gutangaza desktop Kuri gushakisha kuri interineti n'imikino. Bitandukanye na nyamukuru cyangwa mudasobwa ndende, a pc ni a mudasobwa nto yagenewe imikoranire. Iha imbaraga uyikoresha gukora, gukoresha, no gucunga amakuru muburyo butaziguye.

Uyu munsi, ibisobanuro byagutse. Mugihe dusanzwe dutekereza a desktop pc cyangwa a mudasobwa igendanwa iyo twunvise ijambo, ibikoresho nka ibinini na terefone zigendanwa na tekiniki mudasobwa bwite. Ariko, kugirango bisobanuke, iyo tuvuze pc, dusanzwe tuvuga mudasobwa ya desktop na mudasobwa igendanwa kwiruka an os nka Microsoft Windows, Linux, cyangwa macOS.

Nigute PC PC ya IBM nabandi bagize amateka?

Urugendo rugana kijyambere pc yatangiye mu myaka ya za 70. Imashini zambere nka Altair 8800 (byakozwe na MITS) na Commodore PET (Imashini ya elegitoroniki) byari bigamije kwishimisha. Byari bigoye gukoresha kandi babuze a Imigaragarire yumukoresha. Hanyuma haza Uhoraho Apple II, an Mudasobwa ya Apple ibyo byazanye ibishushanyo by'amabara n'ubucuti ku isoko, byerekana ko Kubara yari iyabantu bose.

Ariko, umukino-uhindura umukino wageze muri 1981 hamwe na IBM PC. IBM (International Business Machines) yari igihangange mubucuruzi. Igihe barekuye IBM PC, yemeye igitekerezo cya mudasobwa kuri buri biro. Yakoresheje a microprocessor Kuva Intel na an sisitemu y'imikorere kuva Microsoft yitwa MS-DOS (Sisitemu ikora ya Microsoft).

Iyi myubakire ifunguye yemereye abandi bakora gukora "clone" ikora nka IBM imashini. Ibipimo ngenderwaho niyo mpamvu ijambo "pc"yabaye kimwe na mudasobwa ishingiye kuri Windows, itandukanye na Mac. Umurage wa IBM PC ni nini; yashyizeho ibipimo byibyuma ko pc komeza ukurikire uyu munsi. Ndetse na Radio Shack TRS-80 yagize uruhare runini mu gutuma mudasobwa zigerwaho mbere IBM yafashe iyambere.

Ibiro na mudasobwa igendanwa: Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa muri PC bukubereye?

Iyo uhisemo a pc, icyemezo kinini akenshi kiri hagati ya a Ibiro na a mudasobwa igendanwa. Mudasobwa ya desktop bahagaze. Mubisanzwe bigizwe numunara wihariye, gukurikirana, Mwandikisho n'imbeba. Kuberako ari binini, barashobora gufata byinshi mudasobwa ikomeye ibice kandi bifite ubukonje bwiza. Ibi bituma biba byiza kubikorwa biremereye nko gutunganya amashusho cyangwa gukina umukino wohejuru.

Ku rundi ruhande, mudasobwa igendanwa (cyangwa ikaye) ihuza ecran, clavier, na Ikarita muri a kugendanwa kugiti cye igice. Nka tekinoroji igendanwa yateye imbere, mudasobwa zigendanwa zabaye imbaraga zidasanzwe, akenshi zirahangana Ibiro. Kurugero, rwacu Ibice 16 bya Inch DS160n95 itanga ecran nini nibikorwa bikomeye muburyo ushobora gutwara mumufuka.

Twabonye kandi kuzamuka no kugwa kwa netbook- gito, gihenze, kandi imbaraga nke mudasobwa igendanwa yagenewe cyane cyane kubona interineti. Mugihe ijambo netbook ahanini yazimye, isimburwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa na ultra-thin, igitekerezo cyo hejuru mudasobwa zigendanwa ikomeza kuba ingenzi. Netbooks yashyizeho inzira ya Ultrabooks igezweho. Kurangiza, guhitamo biterwa nuko ukeneye imbaraga mbisi cyangwa ubushobozi bwo Kubara kuva mu iduka rya kawa.

CPU Niki kandi Kuki Yitwa Ubwonko?

Uwiteka igice cyo gutunganya hagati, cyangwa cpu, ni Ikintu Cyingenzi Cyingenzi pc. Urashobora kubitekereza nkubwonko bwa mudasobwa. Ni a microprocessor ikora amabwiriza avuye mubikoresho na software. Iyo ukanze imbeba cyangwa ufunguye porogaramu ,. cpu ni igice cyerekana icyo gukora.

Abakinnyi bakomeye bakunda Intel na AMD ikora izo chip. Umuvuduko wa a cpu Kugena uburyo bwihuse pc irashobora gutunganya amakuru. Umuvuduko wihuse uragufasha gufungura progaramu byihuse kandi ugakoresha progaramu nyinshi icyarimwe mudasobwa idatinda.

Mu minsi ya mbere ya IBM PC, abatunganya ibintu byari byoroshye. Uyu munsi, bigezweho cpu ifite "cores" nyinshi, iyemerera gukora imirimo myinshi icyarimwe. Niba ukoresha a Ibiro cyangwa a kugendanwa kugiti cye mudasobwa ,. cpu itegeka igisenge cyawe imbaraga zo kubara.

Kuki RAM (Memory Access Memory Memory) ari ingenzi kubikorwa?

Niba cpu ni ubwonko, hanyuma impfizi y'intama (ububiko bwo kwibuka) ni igihe gito cyo kwibuka. Impfizi y'intama ni kwibuka, bivuze ko ifata gusa amakuru mugihe i pc ni Kuri. Iyo uzimye mudasobwa ,. impfizi y'intama Byasibwe.

Ububiko bwa mudasobwa ni ngombwa kuko ibika amakuru ko cpu ikeneye kuboneka vuba. Iyo ufunguye urubuga cyangwa inyandiko, iba yuzuye muri disiki ikomeye Impfizi y'intama. Ibindi ingano y'intama ufite, ibisobanuro byinshi ushobora gukomeza gufungura kandi byoroshye ibyawe pc Kuri.

PC ni mudasobwa ya desktop cyangwa mudasobwa zigendanwa zishingiye cyane kuri uyu muvuduko. Niba udahagije impfizi y'intama, mudasobwa igomba guhora ihinduranya amakuru inyuma no kubitinda buhoro buhoro, bigatuma sisitemu idindira. Kubigezweho Kubara, 8GB kugeza 16GB ya Impfizi y'intama ni icyifuzo gisanzwe.

Nigute GPUs na Graphic Interface bihindura uburambe?

Uwiteka gpu, cyangwa ishami rishinzwe gutunganya amashusho, ashinzwe gutanga amashusho, videwo, n'imikino. Kera, mudasobwa zerekanaga inyandiko gusa. Uyu munsi ,. Igishushanyo uburambe nibintu byose. Uwiteka gpu ifata uburemere buremereye bwo kubara kure ya cpu, kwemerera imikorere yoroshye.

Mudasobwa zo hambere zakoreshaga umurongo wumurongo aho wagombaga kwandika code yihariye. Intangiriro ya gui (Imigaragarire yumukoresha) yahinduye byose. Uwiteka GUI Emera gusabana na pc ukoresheje amashusho, Windows, na menus. Microsoft Windows na Macintosh OS yakwirakwije GUI, gukora mudasobwa zigera kubatari abahanga.

Kubakina ninzobere mu guhanga, abiyeguriye gpu ni ngombwa. Ifasha Uwiteka pc gutanga ibidukikije bya 3D no guhindura videwo ihanitse. Ndetse kubikorwa byibanze, byiza Igishushanyo chip iremeza ko amashusho yerekana ibisobanuro bihanitse bikina neza kuriwe 15.6 Laptop ya I71060ng7.

Ibikoresho byo kubika: Disiki Ikomeye na SSDs?

Kuri kubika amakuru burundu-nkamafoto yawe, inyandiko, na sisitemu y'imikorere ubwayo - ukeneye ibikoresho byo kubika. Mu myaka mirongo ,. disiki ikomeye gutwara (HDD) byari bisanzwe. Izi drives zikoresha kuzunguruka magnetiki kugirango usome kandi wandike amakuru. Biragutse kandi bihendutse ariko biratinda.

Mu myaka yashize, SSDs (disiki-ikomeye) bafashe. Igihugu gikomeye ububiko bukoresha flash yibikoresho bya chip, bisa nibiri muri USB, ariko byihuse. SSDs ntugire ibice byimuka, bituma byihuta, bituje, kandi biramba kurenza disiki ikomeye.

A pc igizwe by'ibice byinshi, ariko kuzamura SSD nimwe muburyo bwiza bwo kwihutisha imashini ishaje. Twakundaga kandi kwishingikiriza disiki nziza (CD / DVD drives) yo gushiraho software no gukina itangazamakuru. Ariko, optique ububiko bwazimye ahanini bugezweho pc nkuko umuvuduko wa interineti wihuta utwemerera gukuramo ibintu byose muburyo butaziguye.

Sisitemu ikora (OS) Niki kandi Kuki Ukeneye?

Ibyuma ntacyo bimaze nta software. Uwiteka sisitemu y'imikorere (os) ni software yingenzi kuri a pc. Gucunga ibyuma na software ibikoresho kandi itanga serivisi zisanzwe kuri porogaramu za mudasobwa. Uwiteka OS ni ikiraro hagati yawe nibice bifatika nka cpu na impfizi y'intama.

Microsoft Windows ni Bisanzwe sisitemu y'imikorere Kuri pc, dusanga kuri benshi cyane Ibiro n'ibikoresho bya mudasobwa igendanwa ku isi. Linux ni ikindi gikomeye os, bikunze gukoreshwa nabateza imbere na seriveri, bizwiho kuba ubuntu kandi bifungura-isoko. MacOS ya Apple ni os Kuri Mac.

Uwiteka OS i Sisitemu Sisitemu, gucunga kwibuka, na gui. Iragufasha gukora multitask, ikora urupapuro mugihe wumva umuziki. Nta an sisitemu y'imikorere na software, a pc ni icyegeranyo gusa cyicyuma na silikoni.

Nigute Periferiya Nka Mwandikisho nimbeba biguhuza?

Uwiteka Imigaragarire hagati yumuntu na mashini bibaho binyuze muri periferiya. Uwiteka Mwandikisho na imbeba nibikoresho byibanze dukoresha mugutanga amategeko. Mu minsi ya mbere, wagize a Mwandikisho. Ivumburwa rya imbeba yahinduye uburyo tuyobora gui.

Kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa, imbeba isimburwa na a Ikarita, nubwo abantu benshi bagikunda gucomeka mumbeba yo hanze. Ibikoresho bihuza na ikibaho (ikibaho nyamukuru cyumuzunguruko) ukoresheje USB cyangwa Bluetooth.

Uburyo bwinjiza buragenda buhinduka. Touchscreens, nkibisangwa kuri twe 10.1 Inch gagged tablet gs10n, Emera kubireba imikoranire itaziguye. Amabwiriza yijwi nayo arimo kuba rusange. Ariko, kubwumusaruro ukomeye, ibitekerezo bya tactile byumubiri Mwandikisho akomeje kudatsindwa.

Nigute PC ihuza Isi ikoresheje Porotokole ya Internet?

Umuntu wenyine pc ifite imbaraga, ariko ihujwe pc ni ntarengwa. Guhuza imiyoboro yemerera mudasobwa kuvugana. Ibyo bigengwa na Porotokole ya interineti (IP). IP aderesi ni umwihariko Ikiranga cyemerera pc kohereza no kwakira amakuru kwisi yose.

Iyo uri gushakisha kuri interineti, yawe pc ikoresha iyi protocole kugirango isabe amakuru kuva seriveri. Waba uhuza ukoresheje umugozi wa Ethernet cyangwa Wi-Fi ,. urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru ni ihoraho. Uku guhuza kwahinduye pc kuva igikoresho cyo kubara mukibanza cyitumanaho.

Ibigezweho pc Byashizweho hamwe no guhuza mubitekerezo, bigaragaza chip ya Wi-Fi yihuse kandi akenshi ubushobozi bwa 5G muri mudasobwa zigendanwa. Ibi byemeza ko niba ukora kuva a Ibiro mu biro cyangwa a netbook muri parike, uguma uhujwe nisi ya digitale.

Umwanzuro

Uwiteka mudasobwa bwite igeze kure kuva mubikoresho byo kwishimisha byo muri za 1970. Kuva mubipimo byazanywe na IBM PC Kuri Byiza, Bikora cyane mudasobwa igendanwa dukora uyu munsi ,. pc ikomeza kuba igikoresho kinini muri arsenal yacu. Nimashini yubushobozi butagira umupaka, igarukira gusa kuri software ikora hamwe nibitekerezo byumukoresha.

Hano haribintu byingenzi byafashwe kugirango wibuke ibya pc:

• Igisobanuro: A pc ni mudasobwa rusange-igamije gukoreshwa na umuntu umwe umwe, bitandukanye na mudasobwa yibanze.
• Amateka: Uwiteka IBM PC shiraho ibipimo byibikoresho, mugihe i Altair, Apple II, na Commodore PET yashyizeho inzira.
• Ifishi: PC uze muburyo butandukanye, cyane cyane mudasobwa ya desktop (uhagaze) na Mudasobwa zigendanwa (byoroshye).
• Ubwonko: Uwiteka cpu (Igice cyo Gutunganya Hagati) ni microprocessor itunganya amabwiriza yose.
• Kwibuka: Impfizi y'intama ni ububiko buhindagurika bukoreshwa kubikorwa bifatika; byinshi impfizi y'intama bisobanura byinshi.
• Ububiko: Amakuru abitswe kuri disiki ikomeye gutwara cyangwa byihuse SSDs (Ikinyabiziga gikomeye cya Leta).
• Amashusho: Uwiteka gpu Imikorere Igishushanyo gutanga, ni ngombwa kuri gui n'imikino.
• Porogaramu: An sisitemu y'imikorere nka Microsoft Windows cyangwa Linux acunga ibyuma kandi atanga interineti yukoresha.
• Iyinjiza: Uwiteka Mwandikisho n'imbeba ni ibikoresho bisanzwe byinjiza, nubwo gukoraho gukura.
• Kwihuza: Uwiteka Porotokole ya interineti ituma itumanaho ryisi yose kandi gushakisha kuri interineti.

Niba ukoresha imbaraga desktop pc ku kazi cyangwa a Mudasobwa igendanwa 14 14-N5000 ku ishuri, kubyumva ibice bya pc igufasha gushima ubwubatsi budasanzwe kurutoki rwawe. Hashyizweho ingufu zose gukora iki gitabo cyuzuye, ariko isi ya pc ihora ihindagurika!