Beijing, Novembala 13, 2025 - Motsogozedwa ndi kuchira kosalekeza kwa msika wapamapiritsi wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kufalikira kwachangu kwazomwe zikubwera, kufunikira kwa zida zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tchipisi tapiritsi kwawona kukula kwakukulu. Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa kuchokera kumakampani ofufuza zamsika, kugula zinthu zofunika kwambiri za semiconductor - kuphatikiza silicon, germanium, gallium, mkuwa, ndi zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe zasowa kwambiri, zidawonjezeka ndi 23% pachaka m'gawo lachitatu la 2025.
zowotcha za silicon zapamwamba komanso zida za gallium nitride (GaN), zofunika pakupanga zida zapamwamba, zakula mwachangu, zomwe zimakopa chidwi chambiri pamayendedwe onse.
Demand Surge Drives Raw Material Kukula
Kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi pantchito zakutali, maphunziro a pa intaneti, kupanga zinthu zama digito, komanso luntha la mafakitale kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri. Makamaka m'magawo monga maphunziro, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi kuyendera m'munda pakupanga, mapiritsi apadera akhala zida zofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa digito. Izi zakulitsa kufunikira kwa tchipisi tating'ono-monga mapurosesa ochita bwino kwambiri, ma module olumikizirana a 5G, ndi ma accelerator a AI - kumasulira kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa zinthu zakumtunda.
"Mapiritsi akamasinthika kuchokera ku zida zamagulu ogula kukhala zida zaukadaulo, zogwira ntchito kwambiri, amafuna mphamvu zamakompyuta, mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kuphatikiza kuchokera ku tchipisi," atero a Li Ming, katswiri wamkulu ku China Center for Information Industry Development (CCID). "Izi zimakankhira opanga ma chipmaker kuti atenge njira zotsogola kwambiri zopangira, monga 5nm ndi 3nm node, zomwe zimadalira kwambiri silicon yoyera kwambiri komanso zida zapadera."
Supply Tensions Prompt Strategic Industry Moves
Silicon yoyera kwambiri ya monocrystalline imakhalabe maziko pakupanga chip, kuwerengera ndalama zopitilira 30%. Pakadali pano, zida za semiconductor za wide-bandgap monga gallium nitride (GaN) ndi silicon carbide (SiC) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwongolera mphamvu ndi ma module othamangitsa mapiritsi apamwamba kwambiri. Kufuna kwazinthu izi kwakula pamlingo wapachaka wopitilira 40% kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatizana.
Poyankha, ogulitsa zinthu zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi akukulitsa luso lopanga. Shin-Etsu Chemical waku Japan ndi Wacker Chemie waku Germany alengeza za ndalama zowonjezera mu mizere yopangira ma silicon 12-inch. U.S.-based Applied Materials akuchulutsa ndalama za R&D pazipangizo za atomic layer deposition (ALD) ndi zoyambira za photoresist. Ku China, makampani ngati Zhonghuan Co.
Zinthu zapadziko zomwe sizipezeka ngati praseodymium ndi neodymium, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pama speaker a piritsi, ma mota, ndi masensa, nawonso ayamba kufunikira. Ndi kukwera kwakufunika kwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kwamphamvu zobiriwira ndi zida zanzeru, kufunikira kwaukadaulo wa maunyolo osowa padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira. Akatswiri azamakampani akufuna kuti pakhale njira zolimbikitsira zobwezeretsanso komanso kuwongolera kozungulira kwazinthu kuti muchepetse ziwopsezo zomwe zingachitike.
Zatsopano ndi Kukhazikika Zimayendera Pamanja
Poyang'anizana ndi kukwera kwamitengo yazinthu komanso kusatsimikizika kwadziko, makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo akulowera kuphatikiziro loyima. Apple, Samsung, ndi Huawei akukhazikitsa mapangano anthawi yayitali ndi njira zolumikizirana za R&D ndi ogulitsa zinthu kuti apeze zinthu zokhazikika. Pakadali pano, makampaniwa akuwunika kwambiri matekinoloje apamwamba oyika zinthu monga chip stacking ndi mapangidwe a Chiplet kuti achepetse kuchulukira kwazinthu pagawo lililonse lamagetsi apakompyuta.
"M'tsogolomu, luso la zida za chip sizidzangokhala bwalo lankhondo laukadaulo komanso mwala wapangodya wa kupirira komanso kukhazikika," adatero mkulu wa Asia-Pacific ku SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International). "Kupanga zobiriwira, zida zotsika kaboni, ndi mitundu yozungulira yachuma idzakhala miyezo yatsopano yamakampani."
Outlook
Zoyerekeza zikuwonetsa kuti kutumiza kwa piritsi padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhalabe pamwamba pa mayunitsi 180 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2027. Kuphatikiza ndi kuphatikiza kwa AI komanso kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zatsopano monga mapiritsi opindika, msika wa chip ukuyembekezeka kupitilira USD 100 biliyoni. Makampaniwa amazindikira kuti kupezeka kosasunthika komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pazida zopangira kuyenera kukhala kofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo luso la zida zanzeru.
Pakati pa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso nkhawa zachitetezo chazida, gawo la zida zamapiritsi likulowa m'nthawi yamwayi yomwe sinachitikepo - kuwonetsa zovuta zonse ndi mayankho a kulimba mtima ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe cha semiconductor padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-13-2025
